Effects of screen exposure on language skills in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between screen exposure and language skills in children aged 2-5 years. Methods: There were 299 children aged 2-5 years, recruited by convenience sampling from those who visited the Center of Children's Healthcare, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics for routine physical examination from November 2020 to November 2021. Their development status were evaluated by the children neuropsychological and behavioral scale (revision 2016). A self-designed questionnaire for parents was conducted to collect demographic and socioeconomic information and screen exposure characteristics (time and quality). One-way ANOVA and independent sample t test were applied to compare the differences in language development quotient of children with different screen exposure time and quality. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between screen exposure time and quality with language developmental quotient. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of language underdevelopment in children with different screen exposure time and quality. Results: Among 299 children, 184 (61.5%) were boys and 115 (38.5%) were girls, with the age of (3.9±1.1) years. The number of children with daily screen time <60, 60-120 and>120 min was 163 children (54.5%), 86 children (28.8%) and 50 children (16.7%), respectively, with the language development quotients of 94±13, 90±13, 84±14, respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant difference (F=8.92, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that screen exposure time of 60-120 and >120 min per day were both risk factors for children's language developmental quotients (OR=2.28, 95%CI 1.00-5.17, P=0.043; OR=3.96, 95%CI 1.86-9.17, P<0.001), and co-viewing and exposure to educational programs were both protective factors for children's language developmental quotients (OR=0.48, 95%CI 0.25-0.91, P=0.024, OR=0.36, 95%CI 0.19-0.70, P=0.003). Conclusions: Excessive exposure screen time and inappropriate screen exposure habits are associated with children's poorer language development. Screen exposure time should be limited and screen use should be rational to promote children's language skills.

Analysis of Chinese Medical Syndrome Features of Ischemic Stroke Based on Similarity of Symptoms Subgroup / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients.@*METHODS@#By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup.@*RESULTS@#Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.

Freeze-dried rabies vaccine followed by death due to septic shock： a case report / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze a case of death after inoculation of a freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use so as to provide reference for the vaccination of the rabies vaccine and the process of investigation and diagnosis involving adverse events following immunization （AEFI） in the future. MethodsData on vaccination， clinical symptoms， treatments， investigation and diagnosis were collected and analyzed. ResultsRabies post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination were in line with the protocols. On the 3rd day after the inoculation of the rabies vaccine， the patient developed fever， weakness， headache， dizziness， diarrhea and other symptoms. The white blood cell count and neutrophil count increased progressively. At about 17：00 on the same day， the patient suffered a sudden cardiac arrest and died clinically. Autopsy was not carried out. ConclusionThe cause of sepsis /septic shock of the patient is unknown. It is necessary to formulate detailed rabies immunization procedures as well as norms and expert consensus in the field of investigation and diagnosis of AEFI.

Freeze-dried rabies vaccine followed by death due to septic shock： a case report / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze a case of death after inoculation of a freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use so as to provide reference for the vaccination of the rabies vaccine and the process of investigation and diagnosis involving adverse events following immunization （AEFI） in the future. MethodsData on vaccination， clinical symptoms， treatments， investigation and diagnosis were collected and analyzed. ResultsRabies post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination were in line with the protocols. On the 3rd day after the inoculation of the rabies vaccine， the patient developed fever， weakness， headache， dizziness， diarrhea and other symptoms. The white blood cell count and neutrophil count increased progressively. At about 17：00 on the same day， the patient suffered a sudden cardiac arrest and died clinically. Autopsy was not carried out. ConclusionThe cause of sepsis /septic shock of the patient is unknown. It is necessary to formulate detailed rabies immunization procedures as well as norms and expert consensus in the field of investigation and diagnosis of AEFI.

State-regulating medicine: an integration of traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine / 中国中药杂志

Currently available drugs for complex diseases have such limitations as unsatisfactory efficacy, drug resistance, and toxic side effects. Complexity of biological systems is a determinant of drug efficacy. It is not an effective approach to find disturbance strategies for the complicated biological network for complex diseases based on the static topological structures, as biological systems undergo dynamic changes all the time. Supported by profound theoretical basis and rich clinical experience, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) emphasizes systematic and dynamic treatment depending on changes. Guided by TCM theory in practical treatment, Chinese medicine dynamically and comprehensively regulates the overall state. Therefore, if the dynamic factors are taken into consideration in design, the resultant drugs will be more effective. This study proposes state-regulating(SR) medicine from the perspective of system dynamics, elaborating the concept in terms of the connotations and principle and verifying the feasibility of SR medicine design with the attractor method. Thus, SR medicine is a new concept for drug discovery and design from the aspect of system dynamics, which integrates the TCM focusing on holistic dynamic regulation with biomedicine that features local microscopic research such as molecular mechanisms. The attractor method is a feasible techinical way for SR medicine design.

Molecular Mechanism of Modified Guizhi Fulingwan Intervention on Uterine Fibroids in Rats Based on micRNA Expression Profiling / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of modified Guizhi Fulingwan in rats with uterine fibroids. Method:Seventy-two female adult SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a model group， a normal group， and a preventive administration group. The model group and preventive administration group were established by estrogen and progestin loading method. After successful modeling， the rats in the model group were randomly divided into a western medicine group （mifepristone）， the high-dose traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） group， and a low-dose TCM group. All the rats were dosing as required once a day for 28 consecutive days. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the uterus. The micRNA gene chip was used to detect the expression profile of uterine micRNA gene. Differential expressions of micRNA were screened by bioinformatics methods. Gene function enrichment was used to predict the possible signaling pathways in rats with uterine fibroids by modified Guizhi Fulingwan. Result:Compared with the normal group， microRNA of the model group was 1 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Compared with the model group， microRNA of the high-dose group of TCM group was 2 up-regulated and 1 down-regulated， in the preventive administration group， 9 was up-regulated and 2 was down-regulated. Gene function enrichment analysis indicated that four signaling pathways were closely related to uterine fibroids. They were mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， Wnt signaling pathway， mammalian rapamycin target protein （mTOR） signaling pathway and vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway. Conclusion:Modified Guizhi Fulingwan affected the expression profile of micRNA in rat model of uterine fibroids induced by estrogen and progesterone， suggesting that modified Guizhi Fulingwan may involve in a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction and gene regulation in the treatment of uterine fibroids.

Exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and risk for hypertension in adulthood / 中华流行病学杂志

To investigate the relationship between exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and the risks for hypertension in adulthood. A total of 5 960 participants born between 1956 and 1965 were included in the study and were divided into unexposed group (1963-1965), fetal exposed group (1959-1961), early- childhood exposed group (1956-1958) and transitional group (1962). Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between famine exposure in early life and the risk for hypertension in adulthood. Both the fetal exposure and the early-childhood exposure were the risk factors for hypertension in adulthood (=1.249, 95: 1.049-1.486 and =1.360, 95: 1.102-1.679). Meanwhile, in rural area, compared with unexposed group, the fetal exposure (=1.401, 95: 1.091-1.798) and the early-childhood exposure (=1.460, 95: 1.145-1.862) were also associated with a greater risk of hypertension in adulthood. In addition, fetal exposure and early-childhood exposure to famine in women were associated with 36.0 and 31.9 increased risks for hypertension (95: 7.8-71.7 and 95: 4.8-66.0) according to the stratified analysis. Fetal exposure to famine might increase the risk for hypertension in adulthood.

Advance in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Patients with Upper Extremity Motor Dysfunction after Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can achieve neuroplasticity through repeated stimulation of specific cortex, and may be in the ways of inter-hemisphere inhibition or compensation, or both. The various combination of frequency, intensity and duration of stimulation may effect the upper limb function after stroke in different ways.

Effects of acupuncture on carotid intima-media thickness and cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the characteristics of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, and to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on carotid IMT and blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery and vertebral-basilar artery.@*METHODS@#A total of 240 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension who met the inclusion criteria were treated with acupuncture method proposed by academician . The acupoints of Renying (ST 9), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were selected. The treatment was given once a day, five times a week for 3 months. The carotid ultrasonography and transcranial color Doppler were performed before treatment and 3 months after treatment to evaluate the improvements of carotid IMT and brain blood flow velocity.@*RESULTS@#Among 175 patients, 94.3% suffered from impaired carotid IMT. After acupuncture intervention, 7.7%-10.9% patients had improved IMT but 4.6%-6.3% had aggravated carotid IMT. There was no significant difference of carotid IMT before and after treatment (>0.05). About 50% patients had abnormal intracranial blood flow velocity; after acupuncture intervention, 27.4%-33.3% patients who had the abnormal blood flow velocity had normal one, but 27.0%-52.5% patients who had normal blood flow velocity had abnormal one. After acupuncture intervention, the low-speed blood flow of MCA, VA and BA in female patients aged 41-60 years and the low-speed blood flow of MCA and VA in female patients aged 61-70 years were significantly improved (all <0.05); the high-speed blood flow of MCA and VA in male patients aged 61-70 years and the high-speed blood flow of VA and BA in female patients aged 41-60 years were significantly decreased (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Nearly 95% of patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension had carotid IMT, and about 50% had abnormal blood flow velocity of intracranial artery. The present study failed to found significant effects of acupuncture on carotid IMT, but it shows acupuncture can generally improve the low blood flow velocity in women with mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Effect of acupuncture on left ventricular configuration and cardiac function in patients with hypertension / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the related factors of left ventricular configuration in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, and to evaluate the influence of acupuncture on left ventricular configuration and cardiac function.@*METHODS@# acupuncture regime formulated by academician - was applied to 200 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week for 3 months. Blood pressure and blood lipid levels were measured before treatment. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, the echocardiography was used to measured end-diastolic left ventricular diameter (LVIDd), end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWTd), and end-diastolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSTd), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), etc.; the relevant influencing factors of different left ventricular configurations were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The patients with mild to moderate hypertension had left ventricular dysplasia (left ventricular remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy) reached 60%, and compared with the normal configuration group and the left ventricular remodeling group, there were significant differences in nighttime mean pulse pressure, total cholesterol, BMI and waist circumference in the eccentric hypertrophy group (0.05). The systolic function in the concentric hypertrophy group and the eccentric hypertrophy group was significantly lower than that in the normal configuration group and the left ventricular remodeling group (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Sixty percents of patients with mild to moderate hypertension have abnormal left ventricular configuration and are associated with total cholesterol, BMI, waist circumference and nighttime mean pulse pressure. Studies have not found that acupuncture can significantly improve the left ventricular configuration and left cardiac function.

Advance in Posture Control for Chronic Ankle Instability (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

This article reviewed the main clinical manifestations, posture stability assessment and treatment progress of chronic ankle instability. In recent years, the evaluation methods of posture stability of chronic ankle instability has gradually adopted biomechanical testing and computerized dynamic balance test, which is more and more objective and accurate. The training method has also evolved from simple static balance training to targeted dynamic posture stability training.

Preparation of Melamine Molecularly Imprinted Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor and Its Analytical Application / 分析化学

The melamine molecular imprinted polymer ( MIP ) membrane immobiliZed on the surface of the surface plasmon resonance ( SPR) chip was prepared with allylcyanurate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively.Based on the ratio of the intercept to the slope of Langmuir equation for imprinted polymer, the association constant ( Kass ) of imprinted sites in the imprinted film to melamine was calculated to be 1.40 × 108 L/mol.The SPR sensor showed high selectivity to the template molecule melamine, and the best response was obtained at pH=7.5.The method showed good linearity in the melamine concentration range of 0.1-10.0 nmol/L ( R=0.9991 ).Based on a signal to noise ratio of 3, the detection limits of melamine were 62.6 pmol/L and 56.4 pmol/L for the milk and milk powder, respectively.The recoveries were 91.5% for milk and 92.0% for milk powder.These results suggest that SPR sensing combined with MIP film is a promising alternative method for detection of melamine.

Advances of Study on Relationship Among Immune Inflammation Reaction and Prehypertension and Its Target Organ Damage and Protective Effects of Acupuncture Intervention / 针刺研究

Prehypertension is an independent risk factor for end stage of heart, brain and renal diseases. The immune inflammatory imbalance promotes the occurrence of damage of target organs in the pre-hypertension stage. This article focuses on the relationship between the immune-inflammation and prehypertension and its target organ damage. It was found that acupuncture treatment can lower blood pressure, postpone the development of prehypertension, improve vascular endothelia function and immune function, down-regulate the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines, and reduce inflammatory reactions of the heart and kidney, possible by way of regulating cellular signal pathways as TLR 4/NF-κB, p 38/MAPK, CaM-eNOS-NO, TGF-β 1/Smads, etc. and playing a protective effect on the target organs. However, its detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown up to now.

Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on oxidative stress production and apoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats with brain injury induced by lipopolysaccharide / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)on oxidative stress produc-tion and apoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats with brain injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods Forty-eight neonatal Sprague Dawley rats(3 days)were randomly divided into control group,LPS group,ω-3 PUFA group and ω-6 PUFA group,with 12 rats in each group. The rats in the LPS group,ω-3 PUFA group and ω-6 PUFA group were given 0. 6 mg·kg - 1 LPS via intraperitoneal injection,then equal volume of saline,ω-3 PUFA and ω-6 PUFA was immediately given via intraperitoneal injection respectively;while the rats in the control group were all given equal volume of saline. The rats in each group were sacrificed at 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection with saline or fat emulsions to obtain the hippocampus. The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA),reduced glutathion(GSH),oxidized glutathione(GSSG) were detected and GSSG/ GSH was calculated. The apoptotic index was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-me-diated dUTP nick end labeling. Results Compared with the control group,the levels of SOD and GSH in hippocampus of rats in the LPS group,ω-6 PUFA group and ω-3 PUFA group were significantly decreased(P < 0. 05),and the levels of MDA, GSSG and the ratio of GSSG/ GSH were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Compared with the LPS group,the levels of SOD and GSH in hippocampus of rats in ω-6 PUFA group were significantly decreased(P < 0. 05),the levels of MDA,GSSG and the ratio of GSSG/ GSH were significantly increased(P < 0. 05);the levels of SOD and GSH in hippocampus of rats in ω-3 PU-FA group were significantly increased(P < 0. 05),the levels of MDA,GSSG and the ratio of GSSG/ GSH were significantly de-creased(P < 0. 05). Compared with the ω-6 PUFA group,the levels of SOD and GSH in hippocampus of rats in ω-3 PUFA group were significantly decreased(P < 0. 05),the levels of MDA,GSSG and the ratio of GSSG/ GSH were significantly in-creased(P < 0. 05). The apoptotic index in the LPS group,ω-6 PUFA group and ω-3 PUFA group was higher than that in the control group(P < 0. 05). The apoptotic index in the ω-6 PUFA group was higher than that in the LPS group(P < 0. 05). The apoptotic index in the ω-3 PUFA group was lower than that in the LPS group and ω-6 PUFA group(P < 0. 05). Conclusion ω-3 PUFA can alleviate the oxidative stress,and decrease the apoptosis of hippocampus in neonatal rats with brain injury in-duced by LPS. So it has a neuroprotective effect in brain injury induced by LPS.

The Analysis of Missed Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis in the First Imaging Diagnosis of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To improve the detection accuracy of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in the first imaging examination and to guide the treatment and improve the outcome. Methods Imagings of 17 CVT cases were retrospectively analyzed and the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis reasons were summarized. Results All the 17 cases were taken CT examination. 7 cases were missed diagnosed and misdiagnosed. 2 of 7 cases were diagnosed as subarachnoid hemorrhage. 1 of 7 cases was diagnosed as the left occipital subacute subdural hematoma. 1 of 7 cases was diagnosed as the right frontal and parietal and occipital lobes cerebral hemorrhage. 1 of 7 cases was diagnosed as the left parietal and occipital lobes cerebral hemorrhage and broken into ventricles. 2 of 7 cases were diagnosed as negative. Conclusion To summerize the reasons of missed diagnosis and misdiag aosis of CVT can improve the detection accuracy in the first imaging examination.

Electrochemical Immunosensor for Microcystin-LR Detection Based on Nano-composite Material Immobilization and Enzymatic Amplification / 分析化学

A competitive electrochemical immunosensor based on the nano-composite material immobilization and enzymatic amplification was designed for detection of microcystin-LR. Gold nanoparticles/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AuNPs/c-MWCNTs) composite film, which formed by electrodepositing of AuNPs on the C-MWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode,was used for the immobilization of the antibody of microcystin-LR (anti-MCLR). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced onto the nanocomposite interface by HRP blocked sensing interface and specific capture of antibody with target. It could be employed to catalyze the reduction of H2O2, and to block the possible remaining active sites as well. A competitive immunoreaction between antigen and MCLR-HRP was used for target analysis. In the presence of H2O2and hydroquinone (HQ),MCLR could be indirectly detected with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method by determining the reduction current of HQ. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed immunosensor exhibited wide linear ranges in the concentration ranges of 0.1-100.0 μg/L, with a detection limit of 0.038 μg/L (S/N = 3,n=8). The immunosensor showed good specificity, stability and sensitivity. It was used to determine MCLR in real water samples with the recoveries of 72.9%-117.3%.

Effects of USP9X down-regulation on apoptosis and invasion ability of gastric carcinoma AGS cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, X-linked (USP9X) down-regula-tion on apoptosis and invasion ability in gastric carcinoma cells, and to explore its possible molecular mechanisms. METH-ODS:USP9X small interfering RNA (siRNA) and control siRNA were used to be transfected into gastric carcinoma AGS cells. The cells were divided into 3 groups, including untreated AGS group, control siRNA group and USP9X siRNA group. The expression of USP9X at mRNA and protein levels in the AGS cells with different treatments was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry and Boyden chamber were employed to examine the apoptosis and invasion ability of the AGS cells. RESULTS:USP9X siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of USP9X at mRNA and protein levels in the AGS cells. Down-regulation of USP9X markedly induced apoptosis and reduced invasion ability of the gastric carcinoma AGS cells. Notably, down-regulation of USP9X sig-nificantly reduced the protein expression of Mcl-1 and MMP-2, but markedly increased the protein level of Bax. CON-CLUSION:USP9X may be a key regulator for apoptosis and invasion in gastric carcinoma.

Expression and clinical significance of TOPOⅡα,Ki-67 and p53 in triple negative breast cancer / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To detect the expression and clinical significance of TOPO Ⅱ α 、Ki-67 and p53 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods:The expression levels of TOPO Ⅱ α、Ki-67 and p53 were detected by IHC in 265 cases with invasive breast cancer.And analyze the relationship between the expressions and clinicopathoiogical features including tumor size,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and histological grade.Results:Among 265 cases of breast cancer patients,TNBC patients accounted for 15.47％ (n=41),non-TNBC accounted for 84.53％ (n=224).the high expression rate of TOPO Ⅱ α,Ki-67 and p53 in TNBC were 78.05％,73.17％,and 65.85％,respectively,the difference was statistically significant compared with non-TNBC group (P＜0.05).The high expression of TOPO Ⅱ α was correlated with tumor volume,histological grading(P＜0.05);and the high expression of p53 was associated with histological grade,lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05);the high expression of Ki-67 was related with histological grade and tumor volume (P＜0.05).The expression of TOPO Ⅱ α,Ki-67 and p53 in TNBC was correlated.Conclusion:By detecting the expression of TOPO Ⅱ α,Ki-67 and p53,clinicians have a better understand of the biological behavior of TNBC,and provide an important basis for the selection of chemotherapy regimens.

A preliminary study on the disappearance time of influenza virus antigen / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antigen clearance time, time to symptom disappearance, and the association between them using immunofluorescence assay for dynamic monitoring of influenza virus antigen in children with influenza.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 063 children suspected of influenza who visited the Hunan People's Hospital from March to April, 2016 were enrolled. The influenza A/B virus antigen detection kit (immunofluorescence assay) was used for influenza virus antigen detection. The children with positive results were given oseltamivir as the antiviral therapy and were asked to re-examine influenza virus antigen at 5, 5-7, and 7 days after onset.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all children suspected of influenza, 560 (52.68%) had an influenza virus infection. A total of 215 children with influenza virus infection were followed up. The clearance rate of influenza virus antigen was 9.8% (21 cases) within 5 days after onset. The cumulative clearance rate of influenza virus antigen was 32.1% (69 cases) within 5-7 days, and 98.1% (211 cases) within 7-10 days after onset. Among these children, 6 children (2.8%) achieved the improvement in clinical symptoms within 3 days after onset. The cumulative rate of symptom improvement was 84.7% (182 cases) within 3-5 days after onset, and 100% achieved the improvement after 5 days of onset.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The time to improvement in symptoms after treatment is earlier than antigen clearance time. Almost all of the children achieve influenza virus antigen clearance 7-10 days after onset. Therefore, it is relatively safe for children to go back to school within 7-10 days after onset when symptoms disappear.</p>

Prophylaxis of Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma by High-Dose Intravenous Mecobalamin / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous mecobalamin (HDIME) for the treatment of bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy(BIPN) in the patients with multiple myeloma (MM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 65 newly diagonsed patients with multiple myeloma receiving bortezomib in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled in this single-centre randomized clinical trial from July 2012 to May 2016. Out of 65 patients 38 in control group received bortezomib-based chemotherapy and 27 patients in HDIME group received the additional high-dose intravenous mecobalamin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of BIPN in HDIME group was lower than that in control group(29.63% vs 55.26%, χ=4.197,P<0.05). Whether the BIPN rate of Grade 2 or 3 and above in HDIME group significantly decreased as compared with control group(18.52% vs 47.37%,χ=5.746,P<0.05) (3.71% vs 21.05%, χ=3.983,P<0.05). The BIPN rate of less than 5 cycles of bortezomib was not significantly different between HDIME and control groups(χ=2.714,P>0.05). Overall effective rate of HDIME group and control group was 77.78% and 73.68%(P>0.05) respectively. Neither PFS nor OS was significantly different between HDIME group and control group(P>0.05). Treatment-related toxicity was only mild rash in 1 case. No other side-effects including nausea, abdominal pain, and hypotension occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HDIME has a good efficacy for the prophylaxis BIPN and and without serious side effects.</p>